Dampak Media Sosial terhadap Pola Tidur Remaja: Sebuah Tinjauan Korelasional di Perkotaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jishi.514Kata Kunci:
FOMO, Kualitas Tidur, Media Sosial, Remaja, Screen TimeAbstrak
Studi ini bertujuan menguji dampak durasi penggunaan media sosial (screen time) terhadap kualitas tidur remaja di Jakarta Barat, dengan menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sebagai instrumen utama dan menguji peran mediasi Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). Penelitian ini penting mengingat tingginya penetrasi internet di perkotaan dan meningkatnya keluhan gangguan tidur pada remaja. Pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional dengan desain cross-sectional diterapkan pada 100 pelajar SMA yang dipilih secara purposif dari 5 sekolah di Jakarta Barat. Berdasarkan kerangka teori Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R), data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner daring yang mencakup skala screen time, PSQI, dan skala FOMO. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dan analisis mediasi PROCESS Macro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata screen time media sosial mencapai 4,8 jam per hari, dengan 65% partisipan mengalami kualitas tidur dalam kategori buruk. Ditemukan hubungan positif yang signifikan antara screen time dan penurunan mutu tidur (r? = 0,65; p < 0,001). Analisis mediasi mengkonfirmasi bahwa FOMO berperan sebagai mediator parsial (indirect effect = 0,18; 95% CI [0,11, 0,27]). Disimpulkan bahwa durasi penggunaan media sosial yang lebih lama berkorelasi dengan kualitas tidur yang lebih rendah pada remaja, yang sebagian dijelaskan oleh mekanisme FOMO. Rekomendasi meliputi pembatasan waktu layar, edukasi kebersihan tidur, serta intervensi psikologis untuk menurunkan kecemasan sosial berbasis FOMO.
Referensi
Alonzo, D., Popescu, M., & Zubairu, I. (2021). Social media use and insomnia among Filipino adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68(3), 542-549.
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213.
Cain, N., & Gradisar, M. (2010). Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Medicine, 11(8), 735–742.
Exelmans, L., & Van den Bulck, J. (2016). Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults. Social Science & Medicine, 148, 93–101.
Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 50–58.
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Hysing, M., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K. M., Jakobsen, R., Lundervold, A. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2015). Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open, 5(1), e006748.
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.
LeBourgeois, M. K., Hale, L., Chang, A. M., Akacem, L. D., Montgomery-Downs, H. E., & Buxton, O. M. (2017). Digital media and sleep in childhood and adolescence. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S92–S96.
Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015). Adolescents' electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 405–418.
Li, X., Buxton, O. M., & Lee, S. (2023). Digital media use and sleep displacement in East Asian adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Sleep Health, 9(2), 156-163.
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. MIT Press.
Nie, N. H., & Hillygus, D. S. (2002). The impact of Internet use on sociability: Time-diary findings. IT & Society, 1(1), 1–20.
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019). The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(2), 173–182.
Owens, J., & Adolescent Sleep Working Group. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921–e932.
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848.
Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). *Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8- to 18-year-olds*. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
Scott, H., & Woods, H. C. (2018). Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use. Journal of Adolescence, 68, 61–65.
Setyawan, A. (2020). Hubungan intensitas penggunaan smartphone dengan gangguan tidur pada mahasiswa di Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(2), 45–52.
Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Islam, N., & Mäntymäki, M. (2022). Fear of missing out (FoMO) in the digital age: A systematic review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 148, 181-200.
Twenge, J. M., Krizan, Z., & Hisler, G. (2017). Decreases in self-reported sleep duration among U.S. adolescents 2009–2015 and association with new media screen time. Sleep Medicine, 39, 47–53.
Van der Schuur, W. A., Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). The consequences of media multitasking for youth: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 204–215.
Vernon, L., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L. (2018). Tracking effects of problematic social networking on adolescent psychopathology: The mediating role of sleep disruptions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(2), 269–283.
Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 51, 41–49.
